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1.
Rev. medica electron ; 42(2): 1735-1742, mar.-abr. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1127031

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las fracturas del Atlas representan el segundo tipo más común de lesiones de la columna cervical alta. Con este trabajo se persigue describir la fijación occipito-cervical como tratamiento de la fractura de atlas tipo Jefferson inestable. Se presenta paciente que sufre trauma raquimedular, después de aplicarle un minucioso examen físico y la tomografía axial computada de columna cervical se detecta una fractura tipo Jefferson de atlas con más de 7 mm de separación de sus fragmentos. Al ser esta una fractura inestable de la región cervical alta se decide realizar una fijación occipito-cervical como método de tratamiento de esta lesión. La evolución postquirúrgica del paciente transcurrió sin complicaciones (AU).


Summary Atlas fractures represent the second most common type of upper cervical spine injury. This work aims to describe the occipito-cervical fixation as a treatment for the unstable Jefferson-type atlas fracture. A patient suffering from spinal cord trauma is presented, after applying a thorough physical examination and the computed tomography of the cervical spine, a Jefferson type fracture of atlas with more than 7 mm of separation of its fragments is detected. As this is an unstable fracture of the upper cervical region, it was decided to perform an occipito-cervical fixation as a treatment method for this lesion. The postoperative evolution of the patient was uneventful (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cervical Atlas/injuries , Therapeutics/methods , Orthopedic Fixation Devices , Tomography/methods , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Fractures, Bone/therapy
2.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 40(2): 165-168, 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-997529

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Collet - Sicard consiste en una afectación unilateral y combinada de los nervios craneales bajos, originado por lesiones en la base craneal. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino con antecedentes de sufrir accidente del tránsito. A su llegada al hospital refiere dolor cervical alto, voz apagada y dificultad para tragar. Al examen físico se contacta paresia de pares craneales bajos. Se realizan Rx de columna cervical y tomografía axial de región cráneo espinal. Se diagnostica una fractura de los cóndilos occipitales y una fractura tipo II del atlas. Se coloca un Halo chaleco. Se consulta al paciente al final del primer mes de tratamiento con alivio del dolor cervical y sin empeoramiento neurológico. CONCLUSIONES: La afectación de pares craneales bajos puede ser la forma clínica de presentación de las lesiones traumáticas de la región cráneo espinal. Su reconocimiento temprano favorece el pronóstico de estos pacientes


Collet syndrome - Sicard is a combined unilateral involvement and lower cranial nerves, caused by damage to the cranial base. Case report. Male patient with a history of developing traffic accident. Upon arrival at the hospital referred high cervical pain, muffled voice and difficulty swallowing. Physical examination contact lower cranial nerve paresis. Rx are performed CT cervical spine and skull spinal region. Was diagnosed with a fracture of the occipital condyles and type II fracture of the atlas. Place a Halo vest. They see patients at the end of the first month of treatment with cervical pain relief without neurological deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: The lower cranial nerve involvement may be the clinical presentation of traumatic injuries of the skull spinal region. Its early recognition and the prognosis of these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cervical Atlas/injuries , Cranial Nerve Diseases , Cranial Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Cranial Nerve Diseases/etiology , Cranial Nerve Diseases/rehabilitation , Cranial Nerve Diseases/therapy , Accidents, Traffic , Deglutition Disorders , Dysphonia
3.
PAFMJ-Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 2013; 63 (2): 260-265
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-141835

ABSTRACT

To describe the spectrum of operations in unstable upper cervical spinal injuries in [atlanto-axial] region at our unit. A cross-sectional study. Spine Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Combined Military Hospital [CMH], Rawalpindi from Jan 2001 to Dec 2008. Frequency of different kind of operations in 26 patients operated for upper cervical spinal injuries was reviewed. A performa was made for each patient and records were kept in a custom built Microsoft access database. Average age of patients studied was 27 years with male pre dominance. Total 12[46%] patients had Atlanto-axial instability, 8[31%] had Hangman's fracture and 6[23%] patients had odontoid peg fracture. While 11[42%] patients had no neurological deficit according to American spinal injury association impairment scale [AIS-E] and 15[58%] had partial neurological deficit. The patients were divided into three groups. Group A had odontoid peg fracture, Group B had atlanto-axial instability and Group C had Hangman's fracture. The spine was approached posteriorly in 19[73%] cases and anteriorly in 7[27%]. Pedicle screw fixation was done in 6[23%] patients, odontoid peg screw fixation in 6[23%], Gallie's fusion in 5[19%], occipito-cervical fusion in 4[15%], posterior transarticular fixation in 3[12%], anterior transarticular fixation and decompression in others, 9[60%] patients improved neurologically postoperatively and there was no deterioration of neurological status. Nonunion in two [8%] cases and implant failure in one [4%] were complications. Upper cervical injuries [C1-C2] are rare and their management is complex, necessitating lot of experience for their management. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is essential for good outcome. Each injury has to be managed at its own merit and a single operation may not be appropriate in all situations. General guidelines can be drawn from our study for the management of these cases on modern lines


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Cervical Atlas/injuries , Axis, Cervical Vertebra/injuries , Cervical Vertebrae/surgery , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spinal Fractures/surgery
4.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 38(2): 135-140, dic. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716549

ABSTRACT

Las Fracturas por estallido del atlas (fracturas de Jefferson: Nombrada así por Sir Geoffrey Jefferson1) se producen cuando una fuerza axial se transmite a través de la unión occipito-cervical, causando que el atlas sea comprimido entre la superficie articular de la angulación del Axis y los cóndilos occipitales. Las fuerzas de impacto causan una propagación hacia el exterior de las masas laterales de C1. El resultado es una fractura del atlas en cuatro partes, dos en el arco posterior y dos en el arco anterior2. Y la fractura de apófisis odontoides principalmente por flexion que es el mecanismo más común que produce el daño con el consecuente desplazamiento anterior de la apófisis de la primera vértebra cervical (C1) sobre la segunda (C2). Debido a extensión sólo ocasionalmente se producen FAPO (fractura de apófisis Odontoides), usualmente asociadas con desplazamiento posterior5,9. La frecuencia de accidentes fatales como consecuencia directa de esta lesión es desconocida pero se estima entre un 25 a un 40 por ciento6,7. El manejo de esta es aún controvertido. La mayoría son relativamente estables y no se asocia con deficiencias neurológicas y pueden ser tratadas mediante inmovilización externa con resultados satisfactorios9. Las fracturas inestables de Jefferson reflejan una lesión más grave del atlas que se producen cuando el ligamento transverso también se rompe, secundario a la extensión de la propagación del arco de Cl. Estas fracturas son más difíciles de tratar debido a la inestabilidad atlantoaxial. Muchos cirujanos recomiendan la estabilización quirúrgica de estas fracturas de Jefferson inestables.


The atlas burst fractures (Jefferson fractures: Named after Sir Geoffrey Jefferson1) occur when an axial force is transmitted through the occipito-cervical junction, causing the atlas is compressed between the articular surface of the Axis and angle of the occipital condyles. Impact forces cause an outward propagation of the lateral masses of C1. The result is a fracture of the atlas into four parts, two in the posterior arch and two in the anterior arch2. And the odontoid fracture mainly by flexion is the most common mechanism that causes the damage with the resulting anterior displacement of the apophysis of the first cervical vertebra (C1) on the second (C2). Because there are only occasional extension FAPO (odontoid fracture), usually associated with posterior displacement5,9. The frequency of fatal accidents as a direct result of this injury is unknown but is estimated between 25 to 40 percent6,7. Managing this is still controversial Most are relatively stable and is not associated with neurological deficits and can be treated by external immobilization with satisfactory results9. Unstable fractures of Jefferson reflect a more serious injury of the atlas that occur when the transverse ligament also ruptures secondary to the extent of spread of the arch of Cl These fractures are more difficult to treat due to atlanto-axial instability. Many surgeons recommend surgical stabilization of these unstable Jefferson fractures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Odontoid Process/injuries , Cervical Atlas/surgery , Cervical Atlas/injuries , Fractures, Compression , Joint Instability , Ligaments, Articular , Diagnostic Imaging
5.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 38(1): 67-70, jun. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716519

ABSTRACT

Atlantoaxial subluxation is defined as an instability of the atlas (C1) over the axis (C2), due to failure or rupture of the ligament complex in the C1-C2 joint. It occurs most frequently in childhood, due to atlantoaxial ligament laxity, a common condition at this age group and may have traumatic or nontraumatic causes. The clinical features of this entity are the presence of upper cervical pain, limitation of neck mobility, torticollis and muscle spasm. The treatment of rotatory subluxation should be individualized because there is no evidence in the literature showing the superiority of a particular therapeutic proposal. In this study we describe two cases of atlantoaxial subluxation of traumatic origin in adults and review the literature regarding the main aspects of this entity.


Subluxación atlantoaxial se define a una inestabilidad del atlas (C1) sobre el axis (C2), debido a un fallo o rotura del complejo del ligamento de la articulación C1-C2. Es más frecuente en la infancia, debido a la laxitud del ligamento atlantoaxial, una condición común en este grupo de edad y puede tener causas traumáticas o no traumáticas. Las características clínicas de esta entidad son la presencia de dolor cervical superior, limitación de la movilidad del cuello, tortícolis y los espasmos musculares. El tratamiento de la subluxación rotatoria debe ser individualizado en porque no hay una evidencia en la literatura que muestra la superioridad de una propuesta terapéutica en particular. En este estudio se describen dos casos de subluxación atlantoaxial de origen traumático en adultos y se hace una revisión de la literatura respecto a los principales aspectos de esta entidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Atlanto-Axial Joint/injuries , Cervical Atlas/injuries , Diagnostic Imaging , Joint Dislocations/diagnosis , Joint Dislocations/therapy , Cervical Vertebrae
6.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 40-42, 2010.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983537

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate diagnostic value of spiral CT reconstruction in atlantoaxial injuries.@*METHODS@#The images of 25 cases of spiral CT reconstruction were analyzed and compared with images of CT scan and X-ray.@*RESULTS@#In 7 cases of odontoid process fracture, X-ray demonstrated 4 cases and CT demonstrated 5 cases, whereas the spiral CT reconstruction diagnosed 7 cases, which could display the displacement of fracture clearly. The X-ray and CT showed asymmetric space between left and right gaps of atlantoaxial joint in 6 cases, while spiral CT reconstruction showed normal and excluded the possibility of atlantoaxial dislocation. There was one case of lateral atlantoaxial joint dislocation, which was demonstrated by the spiral CT reconstruction clearly but not by the X-ray and CT scan. There were 3 cases of atlantoaxial congenital deformity (1 case of absence of both posterior arch of atlas and odontoid process and 2 cases of maldevelopment of the odontoid process), which were displayed clearly by spiral CT reconstruction, but misdiagnosed as odontoid process fracture and atlantoaxial subluxation by X-ray and CT scan.@*CONCLUSION@#Spiral CT reconstruction can provide the most accurate and integrity imaging information and is very useful in the diagnosis of atlantoaxial injuries and deformity.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Accidents, Traffic , Atlanto-Axial Joint/injuries , Cervical Atlas/injuries , Forensic Medicine/methods , Joint Dislocations/diagnostic imaging , Odontoid Process/injuries , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Spiral Computed/methods
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 56(2): 172-177, abr. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-394582

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descripción de las indicaciones y resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas de columna cervical superior, durante el periodo entre enero de 1989 y diciembre de 1998. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 17 casos, 15 hombres (88,2 por ciento) y 2 mujeres (11,8 por ciento), con una edad promedio de 32,7 años y un seguimiento promedio de 56.4 meses. Los casos correspondieron a 1 fractura del atlas (5,9 por ciento), 12 fracturas de apófisis odontoides (70,5 por ciento), 2 fracturas de los pedículos del axis (11,8 por ciento) y 2 fracturas del atlas y axis (11,8 por ciento). Dos casos presentaron compromiso radicular asociado (11,8 por ciento). Resultados: La consolidación se obtuvo en promedio a las 12 semanas en la fractura del atlas, a las 9.8 semanas en las fracturas del odontoides, a las 10 semanas en las fracturas de los pedículos del axis y a las 16 semanas en las fracturas de atlas y axis. Se presentó dehiscencia parcial de herida en 1 caso. Los casos con compromiso radicular se recuperaron completamente. Conclusión: El manejo de las fracturas de columna cervical superior es generalmente conservador y el tratamiento quirúrgico se encuentra reservado para las lesiones inestables y las complicaciones de la consolidación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Axis, Cervical Vertebra/surgery , Axis, Cervical Vertebra/injuries , Cervical Atlas/surgery , Cervical Atlas/injuries , Spinal Fractures/surgery , Odontoid Process , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Fusion
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